Polo is one of the oldest and most fascinating sports in the world, known for its combination of skill, speed, and teamwork. Played on horseback, the sport is renowned for its elegance and rich history. If you’ve been wondering “What is polo?” or want to learn more about this exciting game, this beginner’s guide will give you everything you need to know to get started in the polo sport.
History of Polo
Polo has its origins more than 2,000 years ago in Persia, where it was played as military training for cavalry soldiers. In its early days, the game also had a symbolic component, as it represented the skill and leadership of warriors on the battlefield. Later, the sport was adopted by the Persian nobility as a recreational and prestigious activity.
Over time, polo spread to other countries such as India, where it was adopted and perfected by the Maharajas. The British, during their colonization of India in the 19th century, became fascinated by the sport and brought it back to Europe. In China, it was played as a pastime for the elite and was also linked to important ceremonies and events.
During the 20th century, polo became established as a global sport, especially in Argentina, which became the world capital of polo due to its excellent horses and players. Today, the most prestigious tournaments are held in countries such as Argentina, the United Kingdom, and the United States, where high-level competitions such as the Argentine Polo Open and the Gold Cup at Cowdray Park are held.
What is the Sport of Polo?
Polo is a sport played between two teams, each consisting of four players on horseback. The main objective is to score goals by hitting a wooden or plastic ball toward the opposing team's goal using a long stick called a "mallet". Players must coordinate to attack and defend, creating an exciting and fast-paced dynamic on the playing field.
The polo field is considerably large, measuring approximately 300 yards long by 160 yards wide, allowing players and horses to move freely at high speeds. The ball used is light but strong and is designed to travel quickly when hit.
Matches are divided into periods called "chukkas", which typically last seven and a half minutes each. A match consists of between four and eight chukkas, depending on the tournament. Between each chukka, there is a short break to allow players to change horses, ensuring that these animals do not suffer excessive fatigue.
Polo also requires constant communication between players, who must plan strategies to outwit the opposing team. Individual skills, such as horse control and precision in hitting the ball, also play a crucial role in each player's performance.
The Game Rules
Although polo may seem complex at first, its basic game rules are relatively simple:
- Team formation: Each team consists of four players with specific roles, such as forward, defender, and midfielders. Teamwork is essential.
- Right of way: The most important rule is the "ball line". This imaginary line marks the path the ball must follow, and players must respect it to avoid dangerous collisions.
- Goals: A goal is scored when the ball completely crosses the goal line. After each goal, teams change ends to even outfield conditions.
- Horse changes: Due to the intensity of the game, horses, known as "polo ponies", are changed between chukkas to ensure their well-being.
Polo with Horses: The Real Protagonists
Polo horses are an essential part of the polo sport. These animals are specially trained to respond quickly to instructions from riders and to move with agility on the field. Polo horses, often called "polo ponies," are not real ponies; the term is a tradition of the sport.
These horses are selected for their speed, endurance, and calm temperament. In general, the most commonly used breeds are the Thoroughbred and the Argentine Criollo, as they combine the qualities needed to excel in this demanding sport. Polo horses are typically trained from a young age, which includes not only physical skills, such as quick turns and explosive starts but also a close connection with their riders to respond to subtle commands.
The welfare of polo horses is a priority. During matches, polo horses usually do not play more than one chukka in a row and receive intensive care to ensure their health and well-being. This includes regular veterinary checks, balanced feed, and a rigorous test program. In addition, after each match or training session, polo horses are carefully cooled down to prevent injury or excessive fatigue.
Polo horses are not only athletes in the sport but also true companions for the players, who often develop a strong bond with them. This special relationship is an integral part of polo and one of the aspects that makes it so unique and appealing.
Polo Modalities
There are two main types of polo sport:
- Open-field polo: Played on large grassy fields, with dimensions that can reach up to 300 yards long and 160 yards wide.
- Sand polo: A more compact and accessible version, known as "Arena Polo" in the United States (Arena USA). This format is played on smaller fields and is ideal for beginners due to its more controlled pace and focus on technical handling.
Benefits of Playing Polo
Polo is not only an exciting sport, but also an activity that offers numerous benefits:
- Fitness: Playing polo improves strength, coordination, and balance.
- Teamwork: It encourages communication and cooperation between players.
- Connection with horses: This sport allows you to develop a unique relationship with horses, promoting respect and animal care.
Where to Start Playing Polo?
If you want to get started in the world of polo, many schools, and clubs offer classes for beginners. In the United States, for example, “Arena USA” is an excellent option for those who want to learn in a controlled and friendly environment.
In Argentina, home to the world's best polo players, there are also numerous options for beginners. The Argentina Polo School, located in Mar del Plata, is a prominent example. This club offers complete programs that include horse riding lessons, an introduction to the rules of the game, and practice on the field. Other clubs in Buenos Aires and the provinces also provide opportunities to learn and enjoy the sport in an authentic environment.
Find a local club that offers beginner training, and don't worry if you've never ridden a horse before; most beginner programs include riding lessons. Plus, many schools provide the necessary equipment so you can get started without worry.
Conclusion
Polo is a unique sport that combines the thrill of competition with the beauty of horse riding. Whether you are attracted by its history, its dynamism or the connection with horses, this sport has something special to offer everyone. Don't hesitate to take the first step and discover the magic of polo for yourself!
